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Completed projects
Record of successful groundwater projects by both research staff and postgraduate researchers, as well as a list of major areas of research activity, and composite of research outputs by QUT personnel.


Project summaries
Tamborine topographic aerial model with bore positions
Tamborine Mountain community-based groundwater/surface water investigation (isr/FAST, 2008–10)

Project details
Funded by SEQ catchments through Caring for our Country – Community Coastcare
Chief Investigator (CI): Malcolm Cox, Andrew Todd
GSR researchers: Allan James, Amy Hawke


Project Summary
A project investigating land-use impacts on groundwater and surface water resources in the Tamborine Mountain area. The project will build community ownership and capacity to understand local water systems, condition trends and best-practice groundwater and land-use management. It will also establish a collaborative partnership between local and regional stakeholders as a basis for ongoing sustainable management.


Howard East bores and bore depths
Howard East bore indicator levels
TRaCK - Howard River Catchment Groundwater System: Preliminary Visualisation

Project details
Funded by Griffith University, National water Commission, TRaCK, NRETAS (Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport), Power Water Corporation
Chief Investigator (CI): Malcolm Cox, Joseph Young
GSR researcher: Amy Hawke, Allan James

Project Summary
The Howard East rural area near Darwin has experienced a rapid growth of small block subdivisions and horticulture over the last 40 years, which has been based on groundwater supply. The Territory government (NRETAS) has established a monitoring network, and now 48 bores are monitored, however, there are over 2700 private bores that are unregulated. The area has fine grained sediments overlying a dolomite aquifer and is starting to reflect excessive use.
This application of 3D visualisation using our GVS software is for a two-layer groundwater system, mixed semi-consolidated sediments over a fractured dolomite, in an area with a large increase in bores and water use.
This project produced a conceptual hydrogeological model and developed a 3D visualisation of the groundwater system and borefield. The interactive visualisation tool provided to the community and water planners aids in the understanding of groundwater resources and supports decisions about the management of the system. This included how the different aquifers and systems as a whole operate, responses to seasonal rainfall, and long-term trends in use.


North Stradbroke Island topography model
North Stradbroke Island bores
Visualisation of Groundwater Systems to Support Management. Application to a Large Sand Island, North Stradbroke Island

Project details
Funded by Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation (QCIF)
Chief Investigator (CI): Malcolm Cox, Joseph Young
GSR researchers: Allan James


Project Summary
The project used advanced visualisation and animation techniques to create 3D models of the groundwater system to show rainfall-infiltration-recharge relationships. The system aims to provide support to managing the long term, sustainable use of water resources in the area.


Bayesian
Maintenance of Lyngbya Bayesian Network (FAST, 2008–09)

Project details
Funded by Brisbane City Council, SEQ Healthy waterways partnership
Chief Investigator (CI): Prof. Mengersen, Mrs Johnson


Project Summary
In Western Australia recycled water will be introduced in stages. Prior to undertaking the managed aquifer recharge scheduled for 2015, it is planned to first use recycled water for watering ovals, for industrial processes and for agriculture, then to introduce third pipe systems for new residential areas, and finally to use high quality recycled water for recharging the aquifers. The School of Population Health, University of WA, has won a contract with the Premier's Water Foundation to assess the health of recycled water use.
Management decision-making, informed by the associated costs and health risks, is an important focus of this project. The research being conducted by QUT utilises Bayesian approaches to estimate parameters for the nominated pathogens and chemicals of concern in recycled water. QUT is also building an interface prototype linking the estimated parameters to an object oriented Bayesian network (OOBN) which models the recycled water processes. This OOBN will then be expanded to provide a comprehensive risk network for recycled water, able to assess various disease outcomes based on different scenarios and contaminants.


Condamine River: bore position and indicator levels
Lockyer Catchment: water levels
Groundwater Visualisation Tools Project - Upper Condamine Region (FAST, 2008–09)

Project details
Funded by Griffith University
Chief Investigator (CI): Malcolm Cox, Joseph Young
GSR researchers: Allan James, Amy Hawke

Project Summary
A project developing a 3-D Groundwater Visualisation System (GVS) for the groundwater resource in the upper Condamine region to improve community understanding of how it operates and to contribute to the implementation of a water resources plan. The GVS will integrate existing data such as bore log information, hydrological measurements and available.hydrogeological interpretation.


Upper Obi Obi Groundwater Model
Obi Obi Catchment geology and bore holes
Upper Obi Obi Groundwater investigation, Maleny (2005–08)

Project details
Funded by SEQ Catchments Ltd and Burnett-Mary Regional Group
Chief Investigator (CI): Andrew Todd
GSR researchers: Allan James, Malcolm Cox

Project Summary
This project involved community engagement and hydrogeological assessment of an elevated Basalt flow sequence near Maleny, SE Qld.

It developed a framework for community-based groundwater monitoring, which detailed the community engagement process and compiled nationally recognised methods for standing water level and water quality monitoring. The community engagement process achieved access to monitoring bores, identification of local issues and compilation of local groundwater / surface water knowledge.

Privately owned bores and rainfall were monitored over a 2.5 year period, using community input. The objective was to better understand groundwater system configuration, recharge, discharge and water quality condition in relation to local land use. A 3D visualisation model was developed collaboratively with QUT’s GSR Group to communicate the results of the investigation back to the community, and as a basis for ongoing management of the Maleny groundwater system.

The project was undertaken in collaboration with local community groups, local Council, local water industry and the Qld Dept of Environment & Resource Management.



Groundwater Model Gelita Property, Logan River
Groundwater flow model of the Logan River alluvial aquifer system, at Josephville, southeast Queensland

Project details
Chief Investigator (CI): Malcolm Cox, Peter Grace
Postgraduate researcher: Vivian Rudorfer


Project Summary
Gelita processing factory draws water from the Logan River, and produces about 1.5 ML of waste water per day which contains high levels of dissolved ions. After treatment ponds the water is used to irrigate grazing land on the site. The project examined the extent of interaction between the river and the groundwater within the meander and the sustainability of the potential local groundwater resource. Drill logs showed that the meander was formed from a mixture of poorly sorted alluvium, and the hydrogeological conceptual model has defined this as two separate hydrogeological units: (1) a basal layer of coarse alluvium, overlain by (2) a thick layer of fine alluvium. From this, two groundwater flow models were developed using the MODFLOW based GMS 6.5 software. The two-layer model was found to give the more realistic representation.

Lockyer Catchment: bore indicator levels
Implications of Using Purified Recycled Water as an Adjunct to Groundwater Resources for Irrigation in the Lockyer

Project details (QUT component)
Funded by Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Chief Investigator (CI): Malcolm Cox
GSR researcher: Amy Hawke


Project Summary
This project is a task within a broader program, and is designed to develop a 3D visualisation of the alluvial aquifer system/s of the whole valley. Features will be bore locations, screened zoned, simple internal solid geometry of the alluvial material, animations of water in space and time, time series display of EC in the long term, and a spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity. The model output incorporates capability for visual interrogation, plus has hydrographs and rainfall charts.






Project reports

Atherton
Locsey KL & Cox ME (2003)
Statistical and hydrochemical methods to compare basalt- and basement rock-hosted groundwaters: Atherton Tablelands, north-eastern Australia
Download [PDF 406kB]
Locsey KL & Cox ME (2002)
Hydrochemical variability as a tool for defining groundwater movement in a basalt aquifer: The Atherton Tablelands, North Queensland
Download [PDF 1.56MB]






Bribie Island
Taulis ME, Cox M, & Todd, A. (2011)
Poster: Use of 3D modelling to improve sand island aquifer system conceptualisation for groundwater flow model development, Bribie Island, South East Queensland. 11th Australian Environmental Isotope Conference and 4th Australian Hydrogeology Research Conference. Cairns, Australia: James Cook University and NCGRT
Download [PDF 2.2MB]
Jackson JM (2008)
Hydrogeology and Groundwater Flow Model, Central Catchment of Bribie Island, Southeast Queensland
Download [PDF 3.25MB]
Armstrong TJ (2006)
Determination of Aquifier Properties and Heterogeneity in a Large Coastal Sand Mass: Bribie Island, Southeast Queensland
Download [PDF 8.24MB]
Spring K, Cox M & Turner I (2004)
Use of Hydrological Statistics to Evaluate Spatial Variability of Aquifier Properties and Relationship to Indurated Sand Layers, Bribie Island, Queensland
Download [PDF 587kB]
Armstrong TJ & Cox ME (2002)
The Relationship between Groundwater and Surface Water Character and Wetland Habitats, Bribie Island, Queensland
Download [PDF 378kB]
Harbison JE & Cox ME (1998)
General Features of the Occurrence of Groundwater on Bribie Island, Moreton Bay
Download [PDF 3.29MB]






Coastal Processes
Cumming B, Turner I & Moroney T (2009)
Software for 3D simulation of variable-density flow and transport in coastal groundwater systems
Download [PDF 171kB]
Larsen G (2007)
Modelling Hydrodynamic Processes within Pumicestone Passage, Northern Moreton Bay, Queensland
Download [PDF 1.93MB]
Webb R, Cox M & Hammond A (2006)
Spatial Measurements to Support Groundwater Monitoring in Coastal Settings, Southeast Queensland
Download [PDF 191kB]
Turner I, Young J, Bordes N, Bajracharya K & Durick A (2005)
High Performance Computational Tools and Visualisation Techniques for Investigating Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers in Queensland
Download [PDF 1.78MB]
McMahon GA, Cox ME & McDonell ML (2005)
Conceptualising Seawater Intrusion Processes in Queensland Coastal Aquifers by use of Cumulative Frequency Distribution Curves
Download [PDF 379kB]






Deception Bay Catchment
Brooke B, Lee R, Cox M, Olley J & Pietsch T (2008)
Rates of Shoreline Progradation during the Last 1700 Years at Beachmere, Southeastern Queensland, Australia, Based on Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating of Beach Ridges
Download [PDF 604kB]
Cox M, Preda M, Hammond A, Hodgkinson J & Larsen G (2006)
Deception Bay Lyngbya Assessment: Setting and Processes    Download [PDF 1.49MB]
Pointon SM, Moody PW, Preda M, Cox M, Hey KM, Ahern CR & Powell B (2003)
Investigation of terrestrial sources of nutrients supporting Lyngbya majuscula growth in Moreton Bay
Download [PDF 41.1MB]
Lee R, Cox ME & Brooke B (2002)
Groundwater Migration within Unconsolidated Aquifers, Beachmere Coastal Plain, Northern Moreton Bay, Queensland
Download [PDF 1.54MB]






Fraser Coast
Larsen G & Cox ME (2010)
Hydrochemical facies and hydrological processes within a subtropical coastal catchment, Fraser Coast, Queensland
Download [PDF 114kB]
Loehr S, Preda M & Cox M (2010)
Genesis of ferruginous concretions in a ferric soil and implications for past and present iron mobility
Download [PDF 191kB]
Wang Q, Cox ME, Hammond AP & Preda M (2008)
Deep weathering profile and groundwater characteristics within a low-lying coastal pine plantation, southern Queensland — relationship to water-logging and salinisation
Download [PDF 640kB]
Wang Q, Preda M, Cox M & Bubb K (2007)
Spatial model of site index based on g-ray spectrometry and a digital elevation model for two Pinus species in Tuan Toolara State Forest, Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 3.91MB]
Wang Q, Cox ME, Hammond AP & Preda M (2006)
Water-logging and relation to a deep weathering profile: a case study from north Tuan State Forest, Queensland, Australia. In 34th Congress of the International Association of Hydrogeologists, Beijing, China, 14 pp.
Download [PDF 221kB]






Lockyer Valley
Cox ME, Hawke AE, James AR & Wolf L (2010)
Understanding the Aquifer: 3D Visualisation and Groundwater Time-Series Animation in the Lockyer Valley
Download [PDF 523kB]
Cox ME & Picarel J (2010)
Alluvial groundwater response to variable rainfall recharge and prolonged pumping: lower Lockyer catchment, Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 578kB]
Dvoracek P & Cox ME (2008)
Monitoring of groundwater in alluvial aquifers with ephemeral recharge and intensive irrigation: Laidley Creek catchment, Queensland, Australia Download [PDF 688kB]
Cox ME & Wilson AS (2005)
Use of geochemical and isotope plots to determine recharge to alluvial aquifers: Lockyer Valley, Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 1.53MB]
Lockyer Water Web: Lockyer Valley Groundwater Information Resource
Biogeosciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, QUT
http://www.lockyerwater.com






North Pumicestone Catchment
Forsyth AR, Bubb KA & Cox ME (2006)
Runoff, sediment loss and water quality from forest roads in a southeast Queensland coastal plain Pinus plantation
Download [PDF 628kB]
Ezzy TR, Cox ME, O’Rourke AJ and Huftile GJ (2006)
Groundwater flow modelling within a coastal alluvial plain setting using a high-resolution hydrofacies approach; Bells Creek plain, Australia
Download [PDF 842kB]
Ezzy TR (2005)
Integrated Approach to Characterisation of Coastal Plain Aquifers and Groundwater Flow Processes: Bells Creek Catchment, Southeast Queensland
Download [PDF 5.82MB]
Liaghati T, Preda M & Cox M (2003)
Heavy metal distribution and controlling factors within coastal plain sediments, Bells Creek catchment, southeast Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 677kB]
Ezzy TR & Cox ME (2003)
Implications of land-use changes on groundwater within shallow coastal plain aquifers, Bells Creek catchment, southeast Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 137kB]
Ezzy TR, O’Rourke AJ, Huftile GJ & Cox ME (2003)
Applying Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to improve hydrogeological understanding and groundwater modeling within a coastal plain setting
Download [PDF 374kB]






Pimpama Gold Coast Repository
Harbison JE (2007)
Groundwater Chemistry and Hydrological Processes within a Quaternary Coastal Plain: Pimpama, Southeast Queensland
Download [PDF 4.88MB]
Preda M & Cox ME (2004)
Temporal variations of mineral character of acid-producing pyritic coastal sediments, Southeast Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 316kB]
Harbison ME & Cox ME (2003)
The Hydrology of the Pimpama Coastal Plain, Volume 1 - Summary and interpretation of results and preliminary numerical groundwater flow model.
Groundwater Resources Assessment and Model, Pimpama Area Gram-Pa Project, Natural Heritage Trust Project No. 982539
Download [PDF 897kB]
Harbison ME & Cox ME (2003)
Hydrological characteristics of groundwater in a subtropical coastal plain with large variations in salinity: Pimpama, Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 382kB]
Harbison ME & Cox ME (2002)
The Use of Environmental Isotopes and Geochemistry to Determine Hydrologic Processes in a Subtropical Coastal Plain: Pimpama, Queensland, Australia.
Download [PDF 204kB]
Preda M & Cox ME (2002)
Trace metal occurrence and distribution in sediments and mangroves, Pumicestone region, southeast Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 422kB]
Preda M & Cox ME (2000)
Sediment–water interaction, acidity and other water quality parameters in a subtropical setting, Pimpama River, southeast Queensland
Download [PDF 276kB]






South Pumicestone Catchment Repository
Labadz M, Grigorescu M & Cox ME (2010)
Modelling surface and shallow groundwater interactions in an ungauged subtropical coastal catchment using the SWAT model, Elimbah Creek, Southeast Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 252kB]
Hodgkinson J, Cox ME, McLoughlin S & Huftile GJ (2008)
Lithological heterogeneity in a back-barrier sand island: Implications for modelling hydrogeological frameworks
Download [PDF 4.79MB]
Brookea B, Preda M, Lee R, Cox ME, Olley J, Pietsch T & Price D (2008)
Development, composition and age of indurated sand layers in the Late Quaternary coastal deposits of northern Moreton Bay, Queensland
Download [PDF 2.67MB]
Hodgkinson J, Cox ME & McLoughlin S (2008)
Coupling mineral analysis with conceptual groundwater flow modelling: The source and fate of iron, aluminium and manganese in a back-barrier island
Download [PDF 3.55MB]
Cox ME & Labadz M (2008)
Quaternary sandy aquifers bounding Moreton Bay, SE Queensland, Australia: complex coastal hydrological systems
Download [PDF 502kB]
Hodgkinson JH, McLoughlin S & Cox ME (2007)
Drainage patterns in southeast Queensland: the key to concealed geological structures?
Download [PDF 2.60MB]
Hodgkinson J, Cox ME & McLoughlin S (2007)
Groundwater mixing in a sand-island freshwater lens: density-dependent flow and stratigraphic controls
Download [PDF 2.27MB]
Hodgkinson JH, McLoughlin S & Cox ME (2006)
The influence of geological fabric and scale on drainage pattern analysis in a catchment of metamorphic terrain: Laceys Creek, southeast Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 931KB]
Brewster JE (2006)
Conceptual Hydrogeological Model and Analyses of Water Table Fluctuations on an Unconfined Coastal Estuarine Island Aquifer.
Download [PDF 1.84MB]
Liaghati T, Cox ME & Preda M (2005)
Distribution of Fe in waters and bottom sediments of a small estuarine catchment, Pumicestone Region, southeast Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 516kB]
Preda M & Cox ME (2005)
Trace Metal Distribution Within Marine and Estuarine Sediments of Western Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia: Relation to Land Use and Setting
Download [PDF 479kB]
Forsyth AR, Cox ME & Bubb K (2002)
The Response of Surface and Groundwater Quality to Pinus Forestry Management Practices Within the Pumicestone Catchment, Southeast Queensland
Download [PDF 142kB]
Ezzy TR, Cox ME & Brooke B (2002)
The Influence of Stratigraphy on the Occurrence and Composition of Groundwater within a Coastal Valley-Fill: Meldale, Southeastern Queensland
Download [PDF 363kB]
Cox ME, Preda M & Harbison J
Importance of Indurated Sand Layers to Groundwater Flow in Quaternary Coastal Settings, Moreton Bay
Download [PDF 571kB]






Stradbroke Repository
Cox ME, Young J, James AR & Hawke AE (2009)
Visualisation of Groundwater Systems to Support Management Application to a large sand island, Stradbroke Island Stage 1: Visualisation model and database
Download [PDF 2.11MB]
James AR, Hawke AE, Cox ME, Young J & Todd A (2009)
Groundwater Visualisation System (GVS): A software framework for developing low-end, scalable and robust software for 3D visualisation and animation of groundwater conceptual models
Download [PDF 325kB]






Tamborine Mountain
Todd A (2011)
Summary: Groundwater Investigation Tamborine Mountain, SE Queensland
Download [PDF 2.32MB]
Todd A (2011)
Report: Groundwater Investigation Tamborine Mountain, SE Queensland
Download [PDF 5.17MB]
James A and Todd A (2011)
Video: GVS model for Tamborine Mountain
Link [Embedded Youtube video]






Other Locations
King AC, Cox ME, Raiber M, Taulis M (2011)
Poster: Flood Pulses and the Alluvial Aquifer Response in an Ephemeral Stream, Upper Brisbane River Catchment. 11th Australian Environmental Isotope Conference and 4th Australian Hydrogeology Research Conference. Cairns, Australia: James Cook University and NCGRT
Download [PDF 1.91MB]
Rudorfer V (2009)
Groundwater Flow Model of the Logan River Alluvial Aquifer System Josephville, Southeast Queensland
Download [PDF 4.73MB]
McNei1 VH & Cox ME (2007)
Defining the climatic signal in stream salinity trends using the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and its rate of change
Download [PDF 701kB]
McNei1 VH, Cox ME & Preda M (2005)
Assessment of chemical water types and their spatial variation using multi-stage cluster analysis, Queensland, Australia
Download [PDF 814kB]
Preda M & Cox ME (2005)
Chemical and mineralogical composition of marine sediments, and relation to their source and transport, Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Australia
Download [PDF 1.82MB]
Cox ME & Preda M (2004)
Erratum to “Trace metal distribution relation to marine sediment mineralogy, Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Australia” [Marine Pollution Bulletin 46 (2003) 1623–1629]
Download [PDF 306kB]
Cox ME & Preda M (2004)
Trace metal distribution relation to marine sediment mineralogy, Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Australia’’ [Marine Pollution Bulletin 46 (2003) 1623–1629]
Download [PDF 1.47MB]
McNeil VH & Cox ME (2002)
Relationship of Recent Climate Variation and Water Tables to Stream Salinity trends in Northern Australia
Download [PDF 304kB]





Basement granite aquifer groundwaters in Atherton Tablelands
Water table levels on Bribie Island
Graph showing correlation or water levels and rainfall within Bribie Island
Cross section model of Bundaberg bore analysis
Bundaberg digital elevation model
Groundwater migration from the Beachmere coastal pain
Beachmere coastal plain and monitoring bore network
Tuan Toolara State Forest - spatial distribution of two tree species
digital elevation model of Tuan Toolara State Forest
Boreholes showing geology intervals classified from raw geologs
Stable isotopes reflecting water processes in Lockyer
location of rainfall testing sites and contour intervals
water levels graphed with local rainfall measurements
groundwater flow patterns of Pimpama coastal plain
Moreton Bay local geology
Boreholes showing geology intervals classified from raw geologs
Stable isotopes reflecting water processes in Lockyer
soilmap of surface layer of Stradbroke Island
Water balance and groundwater management, Tamborine Mountain
Basalt geology, Tamborine Mountain
physiographic and geological features of Qld
Distribution of major cations and anions for an ion